Multishell - 10 shells at once without gui

--[[
    Multishell  Trystan Cannon
                6 February 2013

    This is a clone of the multi-shell program
    posted in the programs section of ComputerCraft
    forums on the day of this file's creation.
]]--

--========================================================
-- Variables:

local PROGRAM_PATH  = "rom/programs/shell" -- The program to run an instance of.
local NUM_INSTANCES = 10 -- The number of instances to run of PROGRAM_PATH.

local instanceStack   = {} -- The stack/table of instance objects. instaceStack[n] = { thread = coroutine, terminal = table }
local currentInstance = 1  -- The index of the current instance object in the instance stack.
--========================================================



--========================================================
-- Terminal functions:

-- Creates and returns a new copy of the term.native function for redirection.
local function createTerminal()
    local terminal = {
        buffer = {}
    }

    for index, item in pairs(term.native) do
        terminal[index] = function( ... )
            terminal.buffer[#terminal.buffer + 1] = {functionName = index, parameters = { ... }}
            return item( ... )
        end
    end

    terminal.flushBuffer = function()
            for index, item in pairs(terminal.buffer) do
                term.native[item.functionName](unpack(item.parameters))
            end
    end
    terminal.emptyBuffer = function()
        terminal.buffer = {}
    end
    terminal.clear = function()
        terminal.emptyBuffer()
        term.native.clear()
    end

    return terminal
end
--========================================================


--========================================================
-- Instance functions:

-- Creates a new instance object using the global PROGRAM_PATH as the target program.
local function createInstance()
    -- Create the new instance object by making a new thread for the program using coroutine.create() and a new terminal
    -- using createTerminal().
    local thread   = coroutine.create(function()
        while true do
            local eventData   = { os.pullEvent() }
            local hasFinished = coroutine.resume(os.run({}, PROGRAM_PATH), unpack( eventData ))

            if hasFinished then
                return "Finished."
            end
        end
    end)

    local instance = { thread = thread, terminal = createTerminal() }

    return instance
end

-- Fills the instance stack with desired instances of the desired program.
local function initInstanceStack()
    for instanceNum = 1, NUM_INSTANCES do
        instanceStack[instanceNum] = createInstance()
    end
end
--========================================================



--========================================================
-- Main entry point:

initInstanceStack()
term.redirect(instanceStack[currentInstance].terminal)

while true do
    local eventData = { os.pullEvent() }

    -- Handle switching instances before anything else.
    if eventData[1] == "key" and (eventData[2] == keys["leftCtrl"] or eventData[2] == keys["rightCtrl"]) then
        -- Start a timer to make sure we don't discard an event to an instance.
        local keyTimer = os.startTimer(0.8)
        local hotKeyEvent, instanceNumber = os.pullEvent()

        -- Swap instances if that is what the user wants to do.
        if hotKeyEvent == "key" and instanceNumber - 1 >= 1 and instanceNumber - 1 <= 10 then
            currentInstance = instanceNumber - 1
            -- Update the current instance.
            term.redirect(instanceStack[currentInstance].terminal)
            term.native.clear()
            term.native.setCursorPos(1, 1)
            instanceStack[currentInstance].terminal.flushBuffer()

            -- Nullify the event for this iteration.
            eventData = {}
        end
    end

    -- Clean up any dead instances.
    for index, instance in pairs(instanceStack) do
        if coroutine.status(instance.thread) == "dead" then
            instanceStack[index] = nil
        end
    end

    -- Update the current thread with this event.
    coroutine.resume(instanceStack[currentInstance].thread, unpack( eventData ))
end

-- If the loop breaks, then restore the terminal.
term.redirect(term.native)
--========================================================