I somewhat suspect that you're playing on a server, and the admin decided to make it a "happier place" by adding something like an error() line to that particular function in the default rom. That is to say, he thought CC rednet/modems to be bad for the server and tried to disable them (not too farfetched if running on older versions of CC, where they're indeed a very risky business when turtles are involved, though many admins seem to just be fixated on reducing "lag" via any means - realistic or otherwise).
Whether you're on a server or not, what versions of MineCraft/CC are you using, and are they part of a modpack? If so, which, and what version of that?
Just as a test I would write new scripts, something like:
rednet.open("left")
for i=1,10 do
rednet.send(34, i)
print(i)
end
rednet.close("left")
Since the Rednet API is pretty much just a wrapper for the modem API, I'd next try to bypass it and do the same thing a different way:
local modem = peripheral.wrap("left")
for i=1,10 do
modem.transmit(34,os.getComputerID(),i)
print(i)
end
(If the turtle is listening, it should see these messages as being the same as the rednet-sent messages.)
Do these also bug out? What if you run them on different computers?